Advantages and Disadvantages of Free Higher Education Essay

College and university education has become very important in today’s life. Wherever you see an advertisement for job, there is some certain criteria for certain posts. For example for marketing executive employers prefer MBA Marketing person, for eye surgeons hospitals prefer oculist. Without a college degree a person is unqualified for such posts. Some people believe that university graduates should pay the full cost of their education. Others say that university education should be free. Let’s consider advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, higher education leads to a more educated and productive workforce and it does offer some external benefits to society Also, everybody will get an equal chance to pursue higher studies, independent of their economic background and enabling merit to become the sole criteria. If the education is given free to all then admission will be given wholly on merit basis. This will result in increase in level of competition. It will be certainly beneficial to everybody those who could get admissions. Brilliant students will build a strong nation. On the other hand, if people have to pay to go to university, they would value the education more. In this situation, students motivation for achieving good performance is expected to be high. Then, if the government of a country takes policy to fully finance the college education, the government has to limit the number of colleges and universities since their budget is not limitless and it will produce many problems. And Top up fees enable more investment in universities. It will also help attract and keep the best teachers and researchers. This issue has both positive and negative sides as we saw above. The best thing will be to make the education free for those who are economically backward, are really incapable of paying fees for education but they have caliber. But education should not be made free to people who are rich and are capable paying fees for their kids. This will really help to reduce the economical differences in society as poor will be able to get good jobs.

Systems modelling theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Systems modelling theory - Essay Example In this scenario, a system can be used to denote different entities such as software system or its different parts, hardware system, or it can be a combination of both and the relationships between these parts. Hence, a system model can be recognized as a skeletal model of the system. In addition, system modelling provides an excellent support throughout the development and maintenance large and complex systems by paying a great deal of attention to the system development phase. In this scenario, the basic thought is to capture unstable or complex elements of a design within different parts through appropriately designed interfaces showing how each part communicates with its surroundings. Later on, these separated parts are combined in order to develop a complete system (Kresken, 1996; Pidd, 2004, p. 14). It is an admitted fact that systems modelling theory is capable of improving systems’ performance and reliability and minimizing systems development expenses as it makes the system development process very simple. For instance, it allows us to make use of previously developed components and routines to develop new systems. It also allows us to make changes to systems according to changing requirements for instance platform changes and functional enhancement, and to completely understand systems. Hence, we can say that systems modelling theory allows us to deal with a wide variety of requirements as it offers a set of tools like that consistency checkers, helps with documentation of the system and even we can also use it in the design stage of system development. To cut a long story short, system modelling technique is utilized to make sure that a developing component of software develops in a constant way and that it simplifies the process of combining different software parts (Kresken, 1996; Pidd, 2004, p. 14). In addition, in order to model a system there is need of a system modelling language (this language can be either textual and/or diagrammatic) and a theoretical structure. In fact, at the present there are many tools available that support system development through systems modeling theory. The majority of these tools use textual notations such as prose or tables, diagrammatic notations like graphs. Additionally, these diagrams use different symbols to symbolize the components of the system for instance objects, entities, and groups of objects, and a wide variety of other symbols representing the relationships between these components. In the past few years, four major theoretical structures have emerged: (Kresken, 1996; Pidd, 2004, p. 14) 1. Design Methods Design methods are based on a set of three components a concept, a language, and a design process. In this scenario, the concept outlines the modules of a program that are to be symbolized by the parts of the system model. On the other hand, the language defines the system model. Additionally, the system designer would have to follow a step-by-step procedure in order to compile design of the system in accordance with the software lifecycle. Moreover, there are many design methods which can be used for different purposes such as task design that is particularly developed for dealing with processes and their interactions, and synchronized systems design (Kresken, 1996; P

Describe the methods used to calculate value added. How does value Essay - 1

Describe the methods used to calculate value added. How does value added contribute towards understanding the connections betwee - Essay Example Therefore, outputs that are not determined by one  self are not put into consideration (Sheikh, & Tonak, 2002). Marxist and neoclassical methods of determining value added B. Cox in 1979 agreed in his book called â€Å"value added† that Pigou’s definition went further in explanations. He construed value added in two diverse perspectives: the additive and the subtractive. In one, instance, the subtractive value added, is determined by taking away material purchases and services from revenue from sales. The value added signifies its creation. In addition, additive value added is deliberated by accumulation of labour cost (consisting of social charges), operating profit and depreciation. This permits the estimation methods where the created profit is distributed. Goods and services are (Samuelson, & Nordhaus, 2004) exchanged in business system; thus  a  market product entails a market where products are traded  (especially to firms). Thus, product market and busine ss are interrelated given that the business permits products to be traded in markets. Besides, vertical integration and value added are correlated. Indeed, if a company opts to vertical integration, its Value added ratio increases. However, many companies do not create their own products in entirety. An addition or change made by a business regarding a product or process prior to reaching the point of purchase or customer. In a situation where there is change in business value-added, there will be an increase in the quality and value of the process or products. However, the fact of the change in itself is not obvious to the customer (Palmer, 1998). The concept of Karl Marx where the value product is the same as the national accounting concept of determining net value added. It is obtained through subtracting the value of the gross product and expenditure on constant capital. The latter represents depreciation and the costs of intermediate products. In rotation, value added equals th e summation of variable capital (compensation of labor) and surplus-value (which is pre-tax profit income). The case is that labor generates value added (a new value) that comprises the cost of own wages i.e. payment for the ability of workers perform labor (labor power) and property income (surplus-value). In Marx's case, provided in Das Kapital thesis, workers apply sufficient labor-time within a working day so as to pay for proliferation costs where their ability to work in that day (labor-power) is judged by the extra work or surplus-labor required to compensate incomes to land-owners and capitalists among others (Deardorff, 2003). Given that labor is active and highly conscious factor in the process of production, capital goods which is the means of production together with gifts from nature like land and natural resources, facilitates the ability of labor to transform raw materials into finished products. It raises the physical productivity of labor regarding its ability to ge nerate use-values alongside value-productivity. The latter is the ability to generate use-values that can be traded for money (Yanovsky, 1999). On the contrary, neoclassical economics deem the incomes comprising added value as the prize for services provided. While critiquing the political economy, Marx observed incomes as consequences of production subject to circumstances of capitalist exploitation. In the capitalist class, they

Maltreatment and the Developing Child Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Maltreatment and the Developing Child - Essay Example The caregivers’ (mostly, the parents) role therefore is crucial to the development of the child. Without proper care and attention, the child would likely suffer from malnourishment, emotional and mental maladjustment issues. Based on these considerations, this paper shall now discuss the possible impact of extreme deprivation and neglect on the development of a child. It shall use examples of cases and case studies in order to enhance knowledge on this issue. The nature and the nurture debate have set forth the importance of both genetics and experience in the development of our brain. In generally accepted terms, medical specialists emphasize that nature or genes are responsible for the basic wiring plan, the formation of the cells, and the connections between the different brain regions (Oliver, 2007). Our experiences (nurture) are responsible â€Å"for fine-tuning those connections, helping each child adapt to the particular environment (culture, family, peer group) to which he or she belongs† (Oliver, 2007, p. 1). Even as the cells of our brain are already developed and we cannot do anything about how they are developed, the environment still has an influence on the development of the brain. Based on years of research on neuroscience, an infant’s experience usually has a permanent impact on the wirings of the brain (Eliot, as cited by Oliver, 2007). Upon a child’s birth and subsequent development and growth, his brain cells are fired and wired together. In the process, cells that are highly active are preserved and strengthened, and other cells or synapses which are not active are pruned away (Oliver, 2007). A child’s brain therefore requires constant stimulation in order to develop its full potential. â€Å"Their best learning is from being highly attuned to human stimuli – interacting with your face, voice, and touch. Singing, talking, and reading to

School and Sociaty Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

School and Sociaty - Research Paper Example Mann is known as â€Å"father of American common school† Talented and hard working teachers can mould a weak student into a strong one. There should be similarity in text books and criterion is set to select teachers. Teachers be paid good amount as salary to motivate them and make job respectable. Tozer states that â€Å"schools are complex institutions with diverse and complicated relationships to the communities in their surroundings†. Now teachers are supposed to understand the link of education with society and should set goals accordingly. Now political economy is term which comprises of political, cultural, social and economical aspects of society. In the same way ideology covers the beliefs and ideas of a society. Therefore these are not separate terms and must be studied in relation to each other. (Tozer, Violas & Senese, 2001) Now if I apply all these terms on my education then my education did not commensurate to my future social and economic challenges. When I went to college, than I realized that school education was just useless for me as I was unable to perform well. I was weak in mathematics therefore I was unable to perform well as a cashier in a grocery shop. Here comes the fault of my school system. Schools of Bronx New York were overcrowded. Teachers were under educated and were low paid. Teachers were also not made accountable by the government authorities for imparting poor education. This weak foundation grew with me and I faced lot of problems in higher education and in job as well. Thomas Jefferson says that citizens should be educated in way that they can liberally understand the world and should also know the functioning of society. Local schools system of a society should be able to run and mange school in a great fashion. Jefferson emphasized on training of mental abilities in his educational ideal. He gave the idea of autonomy to every diverse school district. Primary schools education should be developed in such a wa y that in future the students can ensure the existence of society. Jefferson’s ideal has not played any part in my education. After my basic education I was unacceptable to the society because of poor educational background. Jefferson wants to see an educational system that can strengthen all dimensions of society including economy. After completing basic education I was unable to handle minor accounts efficiently. Initially I was taken as thief in grocery shop because of cash shortage on daily basis but ultimately I was fired. Jefferson wanted students to understand all dimensions of society including ideology and demography. When appeared in entrance exam for admission in a college, I could not understand any thing in the paper and got failed. I did not know the basics of English, Mathematics and history (Gramsci, 2009) Now the schools are accessible to every child but previously the distance to schools was the de motivating factor for students. I will highlight the quality of teachers here as I suffered a lot from this aspect in my life. It is the teacher who can shape the life of his students for making them important part of the society. My teachers were not highly educated as I was studying in a normal public school. Jefferson and Mann always emphasized on highly qualified and enlightened teachers. When I appeared for entrance exam I was unable to understand any thing. I did not know basics about Mathematics and English. I was also fired

Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists Assignment

Why Have There Been No Great Women Artists - Assignment Example entific as well as experiential evidence indicating that women are in no way inferior to their male counterparts – neither physically nor cognitively. Nochlin was correct in postulating that the difference between male and female artists (and common people per se) nevertheless continues not owing to any actual difference between the genders, but due to the way we continue to perceive achievement (artistic or otherwise) from the male perspective. That a male is able to achieve easily what eludes the female is probably the outcome of a self-fulfilling prophesy - where the female is deprived of opportunity and resources and casted in varied roles of mother and wife, attributed to being non-intelligent or not and then expected to fail at greatness in her profession. Nochlin articulately places the experiences of women artists in the correct historical context when comparing them with their male counterparts. Nochlin explains how the father- -to-son tradition (as opposed to father/ mother to daughter) had facilitated the growth and career development of male artists. In her own words, â€Å"What if Picasso had been born a girl? Would Senor Ruiz have paid as much attention or stimulated as much ambition for achievement in a little Pablita?† Nochlin has also warned against presenting a defensive face by enumerating and extolling the women artists who had indeed left their marks – simply for the reason because there had indeed been few memorable artists and almost none that had been raised to the height of greatness. While, the case had been true at the time of Nochlin’s essay, it no longer stands to reason in the modern times where, according to Chadwick, there had been innumerous great female artists and

Value of IT to Richer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Value of IT to Richer - Essay Example It is important to mention that large firm considers information technology to have strategic value and is used for attaining or realizing long term strategies of firms. The case of Richter also reflects the same. The aim to privatize the organization was realized through the implementation of the SAP financial module of an enterprise wide system. The success of the strategy to privatize the organization depended largely on the accuracy of financial information collected. The decision to implement SAP depicts the true value of IT that Richter held in realizing its long term goal to privatize. One of the strategic objectives of Richter was to increase revenues and reduce costs of the company. This required greater focus on materials management and production planning processes. It is seen that the major large organizations are able to increase efficiencies of their production processes and materials management processes through the implementation of IT infrastructure. Similarly, the i nstallation of MM module or the materials management module and the PP module or the production planning module was intended to bring about efficiency enhancement and productivity improvement in the organization. This was complimented with the establishment of a decision support system consisting of two production experts through whom doubts could be clarified, regarding data, definitions, procedures or information retrieval. The role of IT in improving revenues and costs also shows its value in Richter in meeting long term goals. Although installing the two production modules involved a cost of $2.12 million which comprised of an investment of $775,000 in equipments and $1.35 million on labour expenses. However, the employment of the internal IT staff saved the organization an amount of $525,000. Governance styles in use at Richter The case of Richter reflects the use of value based style of IT governance. The operational approach to IT governance describes governance as being inte ntional activity having its own artifacts and lifestyles. The value based IT governance style is based on the approach that desired outcomes can only be achieved through value based decisions. It tries to reject unnecessary activities and focuses more on high value projects. The value based style of IT governance begins from Richter’s decision making process regarding all the governance issues with beginning of the strategic plan of the company (CGI, â€Å"CGI’s approach to driving business value within managed services engagements†). The plan was aimed to involve all IT specialists within the organization as well as the IT mangers. The plan was primarily meant to focus on how IT could provide support to the business processes in the pharmaceutical company by stipulating the maintenance projects, investments along with changes in the staffing requirements and IT infrastructures. The IT governance includes the four stages of planning, implementing, managing and a ssessing. The planning stage necessarily involves identifying the governance requirement needs such as the meeting of compliance needs, adherence to policies, enhancing business values and meeting the service levels. The planning process in Richter begins with communication with the IT leaders about the infrastructural issues in the forthcoming